What is Golfer's Elbow?

What is Golfers Elbow?

The elbow joint consists of three bones: the upper arm (humerus) and the two bones in the forearm (radius and ulna). There are two bony prominences (epicondyles): one on the outside (lateral epicondyle) and one on the inside (medial epicondyle). Muscles, ligaments and tendons hold the elbow joint together. Ligaments are strong tissues that connect bones to bones, whereas tendons connect bones to muscles. Medial epicondylitis or golfers elbow is an overuse condition of the wrist extensor muscles near their origin on the inside bony bump (medial epicondyle) of the arm (humerus). The tendons of these muscles are injured by overuse and inflamed causing tenderness and pain on the inside of the elbow.

What are the causes and risk factors?

Repetitive movements or chronic overloading of the forearm muscles can injure the muscles or tendons that control wrist and finger movements. It is caused through excess or repeated stress on the muscles and tendons such as forceful wrist and finger motions. Muscular imbalances in the affected area, improper warm-up or poor technique in related sports such as golf or baseball can further aggravate the condition.

What are the symptoms?

• Gradual or sudden onset of pain around the inside of the elbow. The pain
typically increases slowly and with certain movements
• Pain may extend along the inside of the forearm
• Stiffness and limited range of motion of the affected area
• The condition can eventually lead to weakness in the hands and wrists
• Numbness or tingling that can radiate into the fingers

What are the treatment options?

• Rest and utilize support brace to minimize stress on the inflamed tendons
• Physical rehabilitation to gradually strengthen the area, restore range of motion and address muscular imbalances
• Ultrasound, Laser or extracorporeal shock wave therapy
• Kinesiology taping
• Short-term over-the-counter anti-inflammatories and ice for pain management during the acute phase

Exercise programming and prevention strategies?

Strength and flexibility training for the arm and wrist muscles can help prevent medial epicondylitis. It is important to use the proper technique in sports and incorporate movement training to improve them if needed. Also, strengthening the muscles of shoulders and upper back to reduce stress placed on the elbow. Proper warm-up that includes myofascial release and qynamic or active isolated stretching before activities can help reducing specific and overall sports injury risks.